চন্দনাইশ Chandanaish এর জনতাত্ত্বিক বিশ্লেষণ (দ্বিতীয় পর্ব) / ড. মোহাম্মদ আমীন

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Rb‡Mvôxi †jv‡Kiv gvQ, jeY I bvbv e¨emvq ïiæ K‡i| G mg‡qi Rb‡Mvôxi m‡½ wÎcyiv, wg‡Rvivg, bvMvj¨vÛ, KvPvi, gwbcyi, †bcvj, wZeŸZ, Pxb, wgqvbgvi cÖf…wZ GjvKvi Rb‡Mvôxi mskªe N‡U| Av_©-mvgvwRK, ivRbxwZK I cÖvK…wZK Kvi‡Y IB mKj GjvKv n‡Z cÖPzi Avw`evmx P›`bvB‡k AvMgb K‡i| Zv‡`i m‡½ GKB Kvi‡Y A‡÷v GwkqvwUK AvivKvwb Ges wm‡bv-wZeŸwZiv P›`bvBk  A‡j e¨vcKfv‡e emwZ M‡o Zzj‡Z ïiy K‡i|[1] ZvQvov `w¶Y Gwkqv, B‡›`vPxb, m‡jvgb ØxccyÄ, wdwR, gv‡j‡qwkqv, A‡óªwjqv cÖf…wZ A‡ji Drmg~j mg„× Rb‡Mvôx  e‡½vcmvMi n‡q P›`bvB‡ki Avw` Rb‡Mvôxi cvkvcvwk emwZ M‡o †Zv‡j |

wLª÷c~e© 1000 Aã n‡Z 145 A‡ã P›`bvB‡k Z…Zxq ch©v‡qi gvbeemwZi weKvk ïiy nq| Gmgq e‡½i Abvh© wKivZMY  cÖ_g P›`bvB‡k G‡m emevm ïiy K‡i| K…wlKvR, grm¨wkKvi, Mevw`cï cvjb, Kvôwkí, wecbb Ges mieivn cÖf…wZ Kg©KvЇK P›`bvB‡ki wØZxq ch©v‡qi emevmKvix Rb‡Mvôxi AwaKvsk †jvK †ckv wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i| G mgq P›`bvBk myMwÜe„ÿ P›`b Kv‡ôi evwY‡R¨i Rb¨ weL¨vZ n‡q I‡V| wKivZiv †gv½jxq ev †fvU-Pxbv †Mvôxfz³ DcRvwZ wQj e‡j b„ZvwË¡K we‡k­lK‡`i aviYv| ÔfviZ-cyivYÕ I ÔwZeŸ‡Zi BwZnvmÕ MÖ‡š’ Abvh© wKivZMY P›`bvBk  GjvKvi Avw` evwm›`v e‡j D‡jøL Av‡Q|[2] hw`I Gi Av‡M GLv‡b cÖ¯Íi hy‡Mi †Mvjgv_v wewkó gvbe †Mvôxi AvMgb N‡UwQj|wKivZ Qvov  wblv` I `vwgj bvgK Avi `yB †kªwbi gvbe‡Mvôx P›`bvBk AvMgb K‡i| G‡`i m‡½ wØZxq ch©v‡qi Rb‡Mvôx‡`i DrcwË I ¯^fveRvZ wgj _vKvi ¯^ímg‡q ci¯c‡ii cÖwZ wbweo m¤úK© M‡o D‡V| m¤ú‡K©i Ici wfwË K‡i ¯’v‡b ¯’v‡b †QvU emwZ M‡o I‡V| wKivZ‡`i wKq`sk wQj ¶Îxq Ges evwKiv evÆv †kªwYf‚³| wblv`iv K…wlKvR I grm¨ e¨emvq RwoZ wQj| Ab¨w`‡K `vwgj wKivZiv Kvômn wewfbœ wkíKg© I e¨emvq RwoZ wQj| P›`bvB‡k AvMZ wKivZMY cÖvK-cÖ¯Íi hy‡Mi gvbe wnmv‡e AvMgb Ki‡jI ¯^í mg‡q Zvgª I †jŠ‡ni e¨envi wk‡L be¨cÖ¯Íi hy‡Mi m‡½ mgZv‡j GwM‡q Pjvi †hvM¨Zv AR©b K‡i| g~j¨evb Kvô I Kvô wk‡íi AvKl©‡Y Avh© cÖfve ïiy nIqvi eû c~‡e© P›`bvB‡k m‡½ Avh©‡`i e¨emvwqK m¤cK© M‡o D‡VwQj| 

P›`bvBk-cwUqvi †Kvj‡N‡l Ae¯’vb wQj Kb©dzjxi| P›`bvB‡ki †jv‡Kiv †fjv Ges wWw½i gva¨‡g KY©dzwj b`x cvo n‡q Avh©‡`i m‡½ e¨emvwqK †hvM‡hvM ïiy K‡iwQj| d‡j be¨cÖ¯Íi hy‡Mi wKivZiv Abvqv‡m Zvgª- †jŠn hy‡M cÖ‡e‡ki †KŠkj AvqZ¡ Kivi my‡hvM cvq| P›`bvBk  ZrKv‡j A‡bK DbœZ Ges mg„× wQj e‡j cªvK-cÖ¯Íii hy‡Mi wKivZ‡`i ¯^í mg‡q be¨cÖ¯‘i hy‡Mi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Pjvi †KŠkj AvqË¡ Kiv m¤¢e n‡qwQj|  we‡kl K‡i, g~j¨evb P›`b Kv‡ôi e¨emvi Kvi‡Y P›`bvB m~`yi evg©v, Pvqbv, †bcvj I KjKvZv n‡Z ïiæ K‡i mviv Dcgnv‡`‡k L¨vwZi kx‡l© DcbxZ n‡qwQj| ivûj msK…Zvq‡bi Ô†fvêv †_‡K M½vÕ bvgK MÖ‡š’ wKivZ‡`i AvK…wZ-cÖK…wZ I Rxeb-hvÎvi weeiY D‡jøL Av‡Q|[3] IB weei‡Yi m‡½ P›`bvBk Ae¯’vb, Awaevmxi wgj I evwYR¨ wel‡q wgj †hgb Lye wbweo †Zgwb Mfxi|wLª÷xq wØZxq A‡ãi g‡a¨ M½vi Avw` †gvnbv n‡Z cy‡iv AvivKvb Z_v P›`bvBk-PÆMÖvg GgbwK Pxb mvMi ZxieZ©x K‡¤evR (eZ©gvb K‡¤^vwWqv) ch©šÍ wKivZ‡`i AwaKv‡i P‡j Av‡m| ch©vß cwigvY DbœZ e„¶ wQj e‡j L„÷c~e©Kv‡jB P›`bvBk  GKwU mg„× Rbc` Ges DbœZ wkí GjvKv wnmv‡e M‡o DVvi cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vb †c‡qwQj| P›`bvBkevmx Gm‡ei mبenvi Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| Pxb‡`k n‡Z wMÖK ch©šÍ me©ÎB P›`bvB‡k Drcvw`Z ev P›`bvBk n‡Z mieivnK…Z P›`bKvô Ges KvôRvZ mvgMÖx idZvbx Kiv n‡Zv| GLvbKvi †avcvQwomn msjMœ cvnvwo GjvKvq Drcvw`Z MR©b e„‡¶i ˆZix eo eo †bŠKv, eRiv, mv¤úvb, Kvôwbwg©Z †mŠwLb `ªe¨vw` I AvmevecÎ mviv we‡k¦ RbwcÖq wQj| 

5g wLª÷vã ch©šÍP›`bvBkmn we¯ÍxY©© f‚-fvM Abvh© wKivZ‡`i wbqš¿‡Y wQj Ges Avh©kvmb ewnf©yZ wQj| Z‡e Avh©kvmb cÖwZwôZ bv n‡jI gnvfviZ hy‡Mi ¯^íKvj c~‡e© GLv‡b Avh© AvMg‡bi d‡j †ek K‡qKwU A‡j Avh©cÖfve cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj| Kw_Z nq fxg M½vi Avw` †gvnbv n‡Z ïiæ K‡i we¯Í…Z wekvj mgZj GjvKvq Awfhvb Pvwj‡qwQj| G Awfhv‡bi cÖfve c‡owQj PÆMÖvg ch©šÍ| P›`bvB‡ki Abvh©iv fx‡gi mdj Awfhv‡bi ci n‡Z Avh©‡`i mve©‡fŠgZ¡‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡qwQj| gbymswnZvi 2q Aa¨v‡qi 22 bs †køv‡Ki D×…wZ GLv‡b cÖvmw½K M‡Y¨ D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv : ÒAvmgy`ªvZz ˆe c~e© mgy`ªvZz cwðgvZ/ Z‡qv‡iev¯Í is wM‡h©evh©veZs we`~ei av|Ó G †køv‡Ki e¨vL¨v cÖgvY †`q †h, e‡½vcmvM‡ii cvo ch©šÍ Avh©iv Zuv‡`i cÖfve ejq m„wó Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| msMZKvi‡Y P›`bvB‡kI †mmgq Avh©cÖfv‡ei cËb N‡U| 

BwZnvm‡eËv‡`i g‡Z cve©Z¨ wÎcyivB e½‡`‡ki cÖvPxbZg ¯^vaxb †`k| Avh© AvMg‡bi c~‡e© GUv wKivZ iv‡R¨i AšÍf©y³ cÖ‡`k wQj Ges P›`bvBk-cwUqvi Pµkvjv wQj wKivZ iv‡R¨i cÖv‡`wkK ivRavbx| eZ©gvb, †`vnvRvix, Pµkvjv, eigv, Av‡bvqviv, Pijÿ¨v, Avwkqv cÖf…wZ wQj wKivZ iv‡R¨i K‡qKRb mvgšÍkvm‡Ki GjvKv| Z‡e K·evRvi n‡Z Av‡jvP¨ A‡j Avwkqv ch©šÍ cy‡ivUvi AvÂwjK kvmb K‡›`ª wQj Pµkvjv| wLª÷xq 5g A‡ãi ga¨fv‡M wÎcyivi Pv›`ª es‡ki Avh© ivRv hveZxi cyÎ `yªn¨eskx wKivZ iv‡R¨i ivRv wQ‡jb| ivRv `yªn¨ P›`bvBk‡K Zuvi kvmb GjvKvi A½xf‚Z K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jb| ZLb n‡Z P›`bvB‡k c‡iv¶ Avh© kvm‡bi cwie‡Z© mivmwi Avh© kvmb ïiy nq| P›`bvB‡k Aew¯’Z wKivZ‡`i gva¨‡g wZwb G A‡j cÖf‚Z¡ we¯Ív‡i m¶g n‡qwQ‡jb| eZ©gv‡b †bcv‡ji c~e©vs‡k Ges wÎcyiv I cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g wKivZ es‡kv™¢zZ †jvK emevm Ki‡Q| †bcv‡ji Kviw¯Í Ges wÎcyiv, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg I evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ cvnvwo GjvKvq bvMv, KzwK, Mv‡iv, gM, DmvB, Lywg, ivLvBb cÖf…wZ bv‡g cwiwPZiv wKivZ‡`iB DËimyix| D‡jøL¨ wblv` †Mvôxfz³ wKivZivB cieZ©xKv‡j bvMv bv‡g cwiwPwZ cvq| bvMvj¨v‡Û Zv‡`i cÖvavb¨ GL‡bv A¶zYœ Av‡Q|[4] bvMvj¨vÛ n‡Z eû wKivZ P›`bvB‡k Awfevmx n‡qwQj| G RvwZ‡Mvôxi A‡b‡K GLbI P›`bvB‡k evm K‡i Ges A‡b‡K Avevi cveZ©¨ GjvKvq P‡j hvq| 

L„÷xq wØZxq A‡ã wMÖK †`kxq cÖL¨vZ f‚‡Mvj wekvi` wcøwb Zuvi weL¨vZ Ô†cÖwicøvmÕ MÖ‡š’ GZr‡ji DcK‚jxq GjvKv Pµkvjv Z_v P›`bvBk, Av‡bvqviv, cwUqv, mvZKvbxqv, evukLvjx, PKwiqv, K·evRvi, PÆMÖvg cÖf…wZ GjvKvi Awaevmx‡`i gjw½ e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| gjw½iv P›`bvB‡ki cÖvPxb Awaevmx‡`i Ab¨Zg GKwU †Mvôx wQj| gjw½‡`i cÖavb †ckv wQj jeY Pvl| mgy‡`ªi cvwb eo eo cvwZ‡j wm× K‡i †ei K‡i cÖ¯‘Z Kiv n‡Zv jeY| K…wlc‡Y¨i evB‡i jeY wQj ZrKvjxb evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg A_©Kix `ªe¨- gjw½‡`i fvlvq Ômv`v †mvbvÕ| jeY Zz‡j Ges wewµ K‡i gjw½iv ¯^ímg‡q †ek mg„× n‡q D‡VwQj| Z‡e P›`bvB‡ki gjw½iv jeY e¨emvi m‡½ Kvô e¨emv‡ZI wb‡R‡`i RwoZ K‡iwQj| ZvB Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb we‡ePbvq Ôgjw½ivÕ wKivZ‡`i Dci µgk cÖvavb¨ we¯Ívi K‡i wb‡R‡`i Ae¯’vb‡K mymsnZ K‡i †Zv‡j| 'Ancient India` MÖ‡š’i †jLK wµ‡Ûjm& U‡jwgi weeiY we‡kølY K‡i D‡jøL K‡ib, ÔBy the Cirradioi is meant KIRATA, a race spreading the shores of Bengal to eastward of the mouth of the Ganges as far Arkan.. they are the Airrhhadi of Ptolemy. [5]

         সূত্র : ড. মোহাম্মদ আমীন, চন্দনাইশের ইতিহাস,  দ্বিতীয় অধ্যায়।

[ এটি লেখকের নিজস্ব গবেষণা। এ লেখা বা এর অংশবিশেষ লেখক বা প্রকাশকের বিনানুমতিতে অন্য কোথাও ব্যবহার আইনগতভাবে দণ্ডনীয়, অশোভনীয় ও চৌর্যবৃত্তি গণ্য করা হবে। এমন কেউ করলে তার বিরুদ্ধে আইনানুগ ব্যবস্থা গ্রহণ করা হবে। আশা করি কোনো ভদ্র, বিবেকবান ও ব্যক্তিত্বসম্পন্ন ব্যক্তি এমন চৌর্যবৃত্তি হতে বিরত থাকবেন। তবু যদি কেউ এমন করেন তাহলে লেখাসমূহ প্রত্যাহার করে নেওয়া হবে। ]

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[1] Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Letters (1950), p: 232.

[2] wZeŸ‡Zi BwZnvm Ges fviZ cyivY|

[3] ivûj msK…Zvq‡Yi Ô fêv †_‡K M½vÕ, gnvfviZ|

[4] wZeŸ‡Zi BwZnvm|

[5] Ancient India, by J.W.M Crindles, Page 129..